Directgov Review

Question 1: Central Government’s objectives in digital delivery

In my view the government's objectives in digital delivery should be improved efficiencies, enhanced customer service levels and increased economic benefit. A leaked NHS Review (TechEYE.Net, 6 Aug 2010) claims one third of 4,121 NHS websites failed to meet accessibility standards. However it is the volume, not quality, of these sites which concerns me most. Users are sensitive to opportunity cost when consuming media. Their preference is for quality content delivered from a recognised brand made available through multiple channels (Communications Market Report 2010, Ofcom).

I would argue: There should be a government brand which identifies trusted content or services which meet agreed standards of accessibility, usability and security.

This would allow third-parties to provide digital services and websites on behalf, or funded independently, of government. However the proliferation of websites, identified by the NHS review, has an opportunity cost for customers. A website which fails to win an audience, or funding, in the private sector is removed. There needs to be comparable mechanisms in the public sector which closes failing channels.

To identify how the government should engage with customers online I would apply the tests of efficiency, service level and delivery: If information can be distributed, or transactions completed, online at lower cost than offline a case should be made for digital delivery.

Many customers choose not to engage with Digital Britain. Fixed broadband remained static in 2010 at 65% of households (Ofcom). The report also records clear differences between the media choices of older(+55) and younger consumers (16-24). There must be clear evidence the intended consumers of digital services or content are active users. If a new channel is proposed ongoing costs of marketing the service must be included.

Question 2: Who should do what?
The salient question for government should be, who can deliver this content or service most effectively to the user? Engagement with young people might be effectively undertaken via social networks, travel information distributed via context aware mobile devices, consultation through hyper-local sites maintained within local communities. The role of government, in an environment where customers use multiple channels to meet discrete needs, is to ensure content and services meet agreed standards of accessibility, usability and security.

Question 3: Sharing the platform
Any platform, provided by Central Government, must compete on cost and functionality with third-party solutions. Government should not raise artificial barriers which prevent the public sector from benefiting from innovation and cost efficiencies.

Question 4: Trends in digital delivery
The key trends I would identify are mobility, knowledge management and brand extension.

Public achieves 'more for less'

Ofcom's Communications Market 2010 Report provides an annual snapshot of how we consume media in the UK.

I was struck by multiple findings which demonstrate the public is sensitive to the opportunity costs of media consumption. Spending half their waking hours engaged in media and communication activities consumers have adopted multi-tasking and convergent devices to compress over nine hours activity into a single day.

Consumers reduce costs by selecting triple play services (voice, broadband and TV) however price is not the only driver. Half of all users sited 'the convenience of dealing with one supplier' as an additional factor in this choice. Further evidence for consumers' sensitivity to opportunity cost is provided by the stagnation of internet telephony. Skype offers cost savings over fixed line telephony but the complexity and limitations of the service reduces its attractiveness to consumers.

The opportunity for broadcasters, advertisers and service providers is to fill the 4.5 hours per day not spent communicating with other people. Ofcom found limited appetite, beyond social networking, for user generated content. Consumer preference is for quality content from a recognised brand available through multiple devices.

The Communications Market Report (Ofcom, 2010) provides compelling evidence that fewer public service channels with stronger brands could achieve 'more for less'.

Brand wars

The latest Fiat 500 is a Windows car.
The pearlescent dashboard conceals a brain designed by the accountants of Microsoft. Not that I'm complaining the eccentric voice controls add to the retro charm.
Microsoft's mission is to 'help people throughout the world realise their full potential'. Quite reasonably the car believes I could improve my driving technique. Alarmingly it does this by turning off the engine when I pull put into traffic. A very Microsoft solution which I've ignored by switching off the computer but what if intelligent devices could learn?
Dr Arkin, of the Georgia Institute, has developed an Ethical Architecture which enables pilotless drones to share data on the destructive effects of their weapons with other machines. The intention is to limit civilian deaths, creating a machine consciousness which will participate in the attack decision of human operators. The drone analyses the consequences of its actions and learns from its mistakes.
The Fiat experience suggests Microsoft's values would pervade their 'software conscience'. We could speculate an Apple or Google AI would be guided by alternative views. 'Why join the navy if you can be a pirate' Steve Jobs. 'Some say Google is God. Others say Google is Satan. But if they think Google is too powerful, remember that with search engines unlike other companies, all it takes is a single click to go to another search engine'. Sergey Brin.

Future Opportunities

The public sector market for bespoke software is in decline.

Intelligent procurement across Government is leading to the development of shared services which can be reused across departments. Opportunities do exist but these comprise either prototyping new forms of digital engagement using open source software; or digitizing offline processes of which Connected for Health is the multi-billion pound flagship.

In this environment the companies that flourish may be small and innovative or large and strategic. The average digital agency will struggle to match the energy of a creative hotshop with its low operating costs or the breadth of experience of a public sector giant.

New digital specialists are thriving:

• Marcoms agencies – planning and delivering online campaigns
• Product developers – creating games and apps that can be distributed online
• SaaS vendors – reducing the cost and improving the reliability of software
• IT businesses – who support and manage business operations

What is their impact on old ‘new’ media?

The Home Office’s drugs strategy is delivered through Frank a health information campaign delivered across all media. A ‘full service’ digital agency cannot compete with a Marcoms specialist who can obtain better rates for media buying and offset their creative costs against advertising revenue.

Product developers create rich media applications or develop program software for business, education or leisure use. Broadband has revolutionized the distribution model for these products which can be purchased and downloaded directly from the developer. It is difficult for a mid-sized agency to compete against product developers who can spread the cost of development and marketing against sales from their back catalogue.

Platforms, such as Webjam, enable customers to build social platforms, publish content and run their own online business. As open source and licensed software moves digital engagement into the mainstream the demand for custom development falls.

Even the largest IT businesses are vulnerable to the Transformational Government agenda. But they do have business strategy, solution design and operational expertise which will remain in demand as long as public services are contracted to the private sector.

The upside of the continuing financial crisis and pending election is that government is looking at ways to deliver public services more efficiently. Properly valued online tools can reduce costs in untold ways (1 online tax disc renewal = 1 Saturday morning).

Companies who innovate will flourish. Scale is no longer important. The proliferation of public sector tweets is a salutary reminder to those companies who believe they have a grip on Government IT and communications. My advice, invest in the next wave of disruptive technologies.

Healthy Mobiles

There is a role for mobiles in predicting the health of individuals and communities. Three recent projects utilize their desirability and sensitivity to model disease outbreaks and encourage individuals to self-administer complex treatments.

In South Africa, Sense Networks, is planning to use pattern recognition software to analyse the movement of TB patients between neighbourhoods in Johannesburg. It is hoped the characteristics revealed might be used to identify infected individuals in the population.

While epidemiologists study anonymised data to predict future outbreaks healthcare professionals can use mobile technology to motivate individuals to follow treatment using network credits. MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) developed stamp sized litmus paper that displays a code when exposed to urine. Patients who text this code to the XoutTB project are credited with free airtime minutes.

The prevalence of internet enabled mobile devices greatly enhances this channel as a means of distributing information in crises. On Directgov Swine Flu: everything you need to know provides news and practical information on the spread of the H1N1 virus. Should circumstances demand it will be a vital tool in notifying the population where and how to obtain anti-viral medication.

Emotion not reason

The background to the global economic crisis is a salutary reminder that people are driven by emotion not reason. The most sophisticated analysts in the world managed to destroy 40% of the world’s wealth by ignoring this simple truth. Belatedly the Behavioural Economists are being consulted on how to predict future market events. They may not be been able to save the world from recession but they will ameliorate the effects.

Government seeks to influence the public through the provision of information, advice and guidance (IAG). For instance, rising levels of teenage pregnancies (up 2.7% in 2008) demonstrate current strategies are failing to change behaviours amongst target audiences. It is no surprise to Digital Analysts that the IAG model is flawed. The involvement of User Centred Design (UCD) practitioners in the development of web based and mobile media exposes the gap between users expressed desires and their behavior in the real world.

The danger for Government of adopting best practice in the business world is that it applies last year’s maxims. At a time when business is breaking up complex organisations under Transformational Government services are being aggregated. An admirable policy to provide personalized services built around citizens needs has been embraced as a means to reduce costs. The result is portals, such as Directgov and Business Link, are designed to meet the needs of organisations that fund them.

Ironically the technical infrastructure underpinning these portals has been created to support multiple channels. This makes it possible to realize the ambition of Transformational Government to develop e-channels which deliver personalized services. The lesson from the private sector is that conglomerates are not the most efficient businesses. Chaebols which manage restaurants, build washing machines and construct oil platforms cannot hope to focus on individual customers.

Bookcamp

Off to bookcamp on Saturday to discuss the future of the book.

Looking forward to hearing how physical delivery mechanisms affects perceived value, patterns of consumption and structure of content.

My weakness is collecting hardback fiction. I'm seduced by physical objects whose properties influence how and when I read.

If books are luxury objects then e-publication will make books more accessible but less valuable than before. Interested to hear if other attendees think this will threaten the production and marketing of traditional formats such as the novel.

2009 Dakar

It may be the wrong continent but the most exciting (mainly) road race in the world left Buenos Aries today. Will I be there in 2010? The omens are good - I passed my bike test, my partner is on board (she bought Charley Boorman's encouraging account of Dakar 2006) and my favourite South American/road trip movie 'Bring me the Head of Alfredo Garcia' was re-released in cinemas.

See you in Senegal, or the Broom Wagon.

What’s in an mZine?

Publishers have been engaged in a commercial arms race since Caxton first hawked chivalric romances to the nobility of C15 England. Our recent past is more obscure. Who was the first online publisher is a debatable question. My favourite candidate is the magnificently named ezine ‘The Cult of the Dead Cow’ popular in the hacker community of the ‘80’s.

The publisher of ‘Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye’ would find modern online publications remarkably similar to their print forbears. Video and hyperlink aside the home page serves the same function as a magazine cover – promoting brand and articles within.

Sadly the print metaphor does not extend to mobile. MZines are developed for browsing but they lack the space to display content. The ease with which titles could be launched on DOCOMO’s i-mode platform further delayed the emergence of a truly native format.

Apple’s iPhone allows users to download apps which separate presentation and content layers creating a much richer mobile experience. Through products such as Stanza iPhone has become the world’s most popular eBook reader. However iPhone comprise a small fraction of the total mobile audience, insufficient in numbers to attract modern publishers.

I believe Google’s mobile search has enabled publishers to develop the first authentic mZines which exploit the capabilities of mobile devices. mZines will resemble pamphlets, small collections of related articles, which are found through searching the phones deck. Publishers who optimize their content for mobile search will see increased visitor traffic and a greater return for advertisers.

Where might this lead?

Web 3.0 is also the best model for mobile devices. Ultimately publishers will develop mZine channels, Apps for non Apple devices, which will allow users to browse content by theme. Individual titles will comprise commissioned content which is personalized by location or interest.

Tweet 'your dead'

'In the wake of the terrorist attacks in Mumbai, news of which spread by Twitter...'

An unnecessary article on Social Media Influence goes onto argue Twitter is a form of journalism.

Government mashups

Recovering from two weeks in court my eye was caught by this map on D.C. Pedestrian, Recent crimes in DC. The narratives are poetic in their brevity.

C-1 REPORTS THAT HE MET S-1 ON THE STREET AND AGREED TO MEET AT THE LISTED LOCATION. WHILE AT THE LOCATION C-1 WAS APPROACHED BY S-2 AND S-3. S-2 SAID THIS IS MY HOUSE, YOU''RE GOING TO GIVE ME SOMETHING.

Other topics on the site really lack impact in comparison:
- See how much money you save
- See how much pollution you avoid
- Check out the health benefits

There's more on http://mashable.com/2008/11/13/government-mashups/

Books ditched

The City Academy is to abandon text books in favour of E-books in an attempt 'to eliminate costly tomes.'

I despair.

-- Post From My iPhone

Pattern recognition

G1 excitement tempered at Cimex this week. Highly numerate owners keep getting locked out of their devices. Suggest Google replace visual lock with a geek friendly equation.

-- Post From My iPhone

Bond v Bourne

Emerged from the latest Bond to agree Quantum of Solace is saved by the Second Unit Director.

Was fascinated by the different approach to information technology in both films. The CIA sensibly rely on MMS to direct their killers. HM Government appears to have commissioned their OS from EIDOS.

-- Post From My iPhone

Hidden in plain sight

Mobile phones are poor internet browsers. The screen is too small, you never know how expensive a web page will be to view and navigation is frustrating.

In the real world designers have made the mobile internet accessible by making it smaller – literally. BBC News has been re-imagined as a simpler place with fewer headlines, reduced navigation and simpler content. However ‘mobile lite’ versions of the broadband experience only reinforce the mobile internet as a place to visit when you have time to kill.

The iPhone offers a full fat internet experience from a mobile device, but the truth it a very poor telephone experience. This week the App Store celebrated the real success story of iPhone. 200 million mobile applications downloaded in 16 weeks.

The best of these use place and context to create powerful social tools. A fascinating political app, Obama ’08, turned supporters into fundraisers armed with the latest talking points delivered straight to your phone. These calls would be logged and the ‘stats’ forwards to campaign headquarters in Illinois.

Democrats ‘voting for change’ may be relaxed by this level of oversight. However they may not be so happy when brands attempt to execute similar campaigns.

It’s not necessary to own an iPhone to experience the future. A new generation of location based services (LBS) can turn every mobile into a smart device. These rely on user context (time and place) to provide relevant information. Operators can determine your approximate position using the cellular network so it’s not even necessary to own a GPS phone. Useful if you want to find the nearest coffee shop or hospital. Not so useful when you get spammed by dating services.

Making money to fund location based services is exercising operators, manufacturers and developers equally. The Cloud, Europe’s largest WiFi provider, segments users by age, location and device. This allows advertisers to promote services to specific users. The drawback is that as yet, numbers are insufficient to fund free ‘Hotspots’ in stations and hotels. This unlikely to be the case for long.

The exciting new development is that Mobile search is becoming subjective. The supremely local Moximity demonstrates how to bring social networks into the real world. This service provides a local search based on personal preferences and the ‘traces of friends’.

In the US, dedicated mobile social networks, such as Buddy Finder, allow users to track friends. In the UK some 10% of mobile users access social websites such as Facebook, Bebo and Myspace. These pared down websites still require users to actively publishing information.

This is changing.

As Obama ’08 demonstrates mobile apps can mine personal data. An application which broadcasts your position on the network raises issues of privacy and security. Is it appropriate to be tracked on all occasions, can you turn this functionality off?

The evidence is that users do not use the tools they are given. Less than 5% of users apply privacy controls on Facebook. Managing your mobile profile across time and place is an even more complex mental transaction. Users must consider:
· Time – do I want to be viewed after 8pm?
· Place – do I want to be viewed by colleagues/clients/spouse at weekends?
· Friends – which of my friends can see me?

There is a commercial battle for location based search. Operators have been slow to exploit this market place. Manufacturers such as Nokia and Apple have stepped in with products that detect your location and provide context from details stored on the phone.

Users of these new devices may not be aware how capable they are.

Sorry iPhone

Having used an iPhone for a week now I thought it best to share my thoughts on the device as a replacement phone for the Samsung i600

In summary I love the iPhone and would buy one again for home/social use but I would prefer a different phone for business use – possibly the e71 which has all the functionality to make me more productive. If we had iPhones I would be out of touch after lunch when the battery ran out. Or we could install more sockets on desks!

iPhone
1. It’s very pretty and the navigation is a joy to use
2. Unlimited data access means I can access the web all the time. It’s helpful to immediately be able to call information to hand. It’s not good for viewing rich media as it doesn’t support flash.
3. I use it all the time to update networking sites. In fact I do this far more than I ever did before which can be distracting at work – great with friends
4. GPS – it’s not true satellite GPS so it doesn’t work in the country
5. The phone function is very poor. Difficult to hear, poor network coverage, quiet ringer.
6. Battery - I can’t use as a music player as the battery’s dead by 4pm. I would need two chargers, one either end of my journey, if this was my work phone
7. Email – it doesn’t store email which means I can’t read underground or when I’m out of reach of wifi or 3G connectivity
8. Text entry – the touch screen is not as easy to use as an alphanumeric key pad.
9. Lots of games widgets which unfortunately run the battery down before I get home. Not many business functions

What I need from a business phone
1. Download email to read offline
2. Download and view documents
3. Internet browsing
4. Real GPS – not cell tower detection
5. Easy and quick text entry

Prepared Seminars: ADAPTIVE BRAIN INTERFACING

Prepared Seminars: ADAPTIVE BRAIN INTERFACING

Video post: When did Elvis die?

OK, this sat half-edited on my desktop for months. Thanks to Stephen and Lucy for inviting us all to Cliff Barns. 

This QuickTime movie was compressed for web streaming at 12 frames per second, 320 x 240px with medium quality stereo sound, 2.3MB. 

Uploaded to YouTube the movie was published immediately. Interiors were shot in Colour Night View which compresses poorly. I shall experiment with CD quality in future. 

I prefer this short form of video post with interaction between subject and film maker where question and answer substitute for narrative structure - pace Les Nouvelles Egotistes  

An experimental diary

My name is David Hockin.

During college I started to keep a record of all my creative work. Like all designers I tried to impose order on chaos. Failing miserably I could at least fake organisation and method. In my case by adopting black hard back A4 Daler sketch books.

The content has changed but looking back today I'm surprised by the how much is common between 1988 and 2008. Each volume a mixture of observation, work diary and personal projects.


This blog is an experiment to see if I can use the resources of the web to maintain a digital equivalent using text, image and video. I will be using an Apple G5 computer, Panasonic NV-GS400 video camera, Samsung i600 smart phone, Blogger, Flickr, MySpace and YouTube accounts.

It may be some time before my next post.